ATTIRE Wearing proper attire in the lab is the only way that you will be safe •Goggle •Lab Coat •Closed shoes (No flip-flops) •Long hair tied back •No baggy clothing, shorts, dangly jewelry or skirts
Work Stations and Rules
•No eating, drinking or chewing gum in the laboratory •Clean up your work station after use •Conduct yourself in a responsible manner in the laboratory. •Never touch equipment or chemicals without the instructions of the teacher. •Carefully follow laboratory instructions •Dispose of all chemical waste properly
Handling Chemicals
•Careful handling of chemicals •Waft one hand to fan odor towards your nose rather than putting your nose directly over the chemical. •Wash hands after handling any chemical product.
WHMIS
WHMIS stands for Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System. •WHMIS is a Canada-wide system that was designed to provide employers and workers with information regarding hazardous products used in the workplace.
In case of an accident...
•Let a teacher know immediately about any spill or breakage •If something is in your eyes use the sink to flush any chemical out of them •Never handle broken glassware with bare hands
Handling Head
•Heating a test tube •At the top allows any gases formed to escape without forcing liquids on top of the gas out of the tube. •At an angle reduces the pressure on the heated substances again allowing the gases to escape harmless into the air. •Heating a substance •gently and uniformly. •move the test tube around in the flame to heat the entire surface of the tube as evenly as possible.
Burns
•Remove the cause of the burn. Flush the chemical off the skin with cool running water for at least 10 minutes. ... •Remove clothing or jewelry that has been contaminated by the chemical. •Bandage the burn. ... •Flush again if needed.
Classroom Lab Safety
Create a comic comparing safe and unsafe behavior
Scientific Method
Identify a Question
Gather Information
Form a Hypothesis
Test the Hypothesis
Analyze the Results
Draw a Conclusion
If Hypothesis is proven it becomes a Theory
Variables
Independent (Manipulated) Variable
The variable that can be changed during an experiment
The variable that the scientists chooses to change
The variable that may cause a change in the dependent variable
Dependent (Responding) Variable
The factor that is being measured in an experiment
The variable that may change because of the independent
Controlled Variable
Variable that stays the same during an experiment
Variable that is “controlled” by the scientist
Variable that is not allowed to change
SCIENCE IS ABOUT FACTS… AND ARGUING - LOTS AND LOTS OF ARGUING
In science we argue a lot!
Instagram vs. Tiktok?
The arguments which are best supported by facts are considered to be a theory
Theories are the best explanations we have for why things happen, the best theories are backed up by facts!
A fact is an observation which can be measured and is quantifiable. It definitely, most definitely is never based on opinion.
I hate green asparagus - This is a opinion, it depends on the person (I don't actually hate green asparagus) Green asparagus is green - This is fact, green asparagus looks green to every person
But how do we get facts ?!
We observe something. Predict what might happen. Test. Watch results. Update prediction. Test again. Repeat until results are always the same as prediction, and then boom: fact!
This fancy method has a name called the Scientific Method
HOW THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD WORKS VIA EXPERIMENTATION
FORMULATE A QUESTION
Do plants need sunlight to grow
RESEARCH THE QUESTION (MAYBE THE QUESTION HAS ALREADY BEEN ANSWERED!)
Plants convert light into energy using chlorophyll
FORM A HYPOTHESIS
Hypothesis is written in a form called if...then statement (If we change this then this will change as a result) If we adjust the volume knob on the radio, then the radio will play louder. If we flick on the light switch, then the lights will light up.
Now we sprinkle in Manipulated Variable and Responding Variable into the hypothesis: If the Manipulated Variable is describe change, then the Responding Variable will describe change. If the light given to a plant is increased then the plant growth will increase
4. FOLLOWING A METHOD OR PROCEDURE CARRY OUT THE EXPERIMENT
Grow plants in dark vs. grow plant in light
5. COLLECT DATA
Plant that was grown in light grew 10 cm! OMG!
6. ANALYZE AND DISCUSS DATA
Answer questions about the data
Are there any patterns or trends you notice with the data?
7. DISCUSS RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF THE EXPERIMENT RELIABILITY (ANY “SCREW UPS” IN THE LAB) :Means the experiment can be repeated with consistent results
No matter how many times I do the experiment i should get the same results
Are there parts of the experiment that can change results when repeated ?
Any follow up questions after the experiment
Is there a better way to conduct the experiment
VALIDITY (HOW YOU MAKE THE LAB BETTER):Means the experiment is actually testing the hypothesis accurately
If i'm testing plant growth is an experiment testing a plant’s taste really valid?
8. CONCLUSIONS - BASED ON DATA WE EITHER ACCEPT OR REJECT HYPOTHESIS
(Fancy-sciencey way to say the hypothesis is true or not)
Re-state hypothesis, followed by 'is accepted' or 'is rejected', and why.
The hypothesis that: If the light given to a plant is increased then the plant growth will increase, is accepted. The data shows that as we increased the amount of light, the height of the plant increased, thus supporting our hypothesis.
How to communicate ideas and facts in a efficient manner (aka how to be good at arguing) In your brain this is how you would envision & logically order a presentation/poster/argument to support your topic: